Thinking about your baby’s gut microbiome
How does gut microbiome contribute to a child's development?
Living inside every person are trillions of microorganisms — bacteria, viruses, fungi and other life forms that are collectively known as the microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in an infant and child's development. It contributes to various physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, immune system regulation, and brain development. Research suggests that the gut microbiome may affect a child's long-term health, including the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Specific areas of development that a healthy gut microbiome benefit include:
Immune System: The gut microbiome plays a vital role in immune system development and function. It helps the body recognize and fight against harmful pathogens while also promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. A healthy gut microbiome in childhood has been linked to a reduced risk of allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases later in life.
Nutrient Absorption: The gut microbiome is involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. Research suggests that a healthy gut microbiome can increase nutrient absorption, which can support optimal growth and development in children.
Brain Development: The gut-brain axis refers to the two-way communication between the gut and the brain. A healthy gut microbiome can positively influence brain development by producing neurotransmitters, regulating stress hormones, and modulating the immune system. Studies (Foster & Dursun, 2021) have found that a healthy gut microbiome in early childhood is associated with better cognitive performance and reduced risk of conditions such as ADHD and major depression.
Mental Health: The gut microbiome is involved in the regulation of mood and behavior through the gut-brain axis. A healthy gut microbiome in childhood may support mental health and reduce the risk of anxiety and depression later in life.
What are specific mental health benefits from having a healthy gut microbiome?
There is growing evidence that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood and behavior through the gut-brain axis, and that disruptions to the gut microbiome may contribute to the development of mental health conditions in both children and adults. Here are some mental health benefits that have been associated with a healthy gut microbiome in infants and children:
Reduced anxiety: A study published in Nature found that children with a more diverse gut microbiome had lower levels of mental health problems, e.g. anxiety, compared to those with less diversity. Certain beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, were positive contributors to lower anxiety levels.
Improved mood and psychological wellbeing: Research has suggested that the gut microbiome may influence the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are involved in regulating mood. A study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that children with more diverse gut microbiomes had fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to those with lower microbiome diversity.
Reduced risk of ADHD: A study published in the journal Microbiome found that children with ADHD had lower levels of certain beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, compared to children without ADHD. The study also found that these children had higher levels of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Clostridium and Streptococcus.
Improved cognitive function: Medical research (Emge et al., 2016) has suggested that the gut microbiome may influence cognitive function and behavior through the gut-brain axis. A study published in the journal Psychopharmacology found that supplementing with a probiotic containing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus improved cognitive function in healthy adults.
Overall, while research in this area is still relatively new, there is increasing evidence to suggest that a healthy gut microbiome may have important mental health benefits for children. By promoting a diverse and balanced gut microbiome through healthy nutrition and lifestyle practices, parents may be able to support their child's mental health and wellbeing.
How important is it to consider a child's gut microbiome from a young age of 6 months old?
Considering a child's gut microbiome from a young age is essential because it undergoes significant changes during the first few years of life.
The gut microbiome is initially seeded during birth and is further shaped by factors such as diet, antibiotic use, and exposure to environmental microbes. Therefore, ensuring optimal gut microbiome development during infancy and early childhood may have long-term health benefits.
Top foods to consider integrating into an infant’s dietary plan:
Yogurt: Probiotic yogurts – especially Keffir yoghurt - with no added sugar is an excellent source of calcium and probiotics, which can support a healthy gut microbiome (Evrensel & Ceylan, 2015).
Whole grains: Introduce more whole-grain options such as quinoa, brown rice, and whole-wheat bread and pasta to provide fiber and energy.
Iron-rich foods: As a child's iron stores deplete, it is important to introduce iron-rich foods such as fish, iron-fortified cereals, and certain types of lean poultry.
Lean protein: Offer lean protein sources such as legumes, fish, and eggs, to support growth and development.
Healthy fats: Offer foods rich in healthy fats such as avocado, nut butter, and oily fish to support brain development.
In conclusion, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in a child's development, and it is important to consider it from a young age. Offering a variety of nutrient-dense foods can help support optimal gut microbiome development and long-term health outcomes.
